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Förslaget inkom 2011-03-09

Fast short-circuit handling

OBS! ANSÖKNINGSTIDEN FÖR DETTA EXJOBB HAR LÖPT UT.
A short-circuit results in nodal voltages being squashed towards zero towards the point of the fault, and in large currents flowing. Eventually the fault is `cleared' by protective relays operating a circuit breaker. The reduced voltages before clearing are a `voltage-dip', which is bad for sensitive loads, and may cause instability of generation sources. The large currents cause thermal and mechanical stresses on components. Reduction of the time taken to detect and clear a short-circuit is made possible in a smart power grid that uses fast detection and fast switching-devices; a reduced time may also be increasingly important as the penetration of distributed generation increases.

Two branches of the work within our InnoEnergy project are concerned with this: fast switching and commutation may lead to better components for physically clearing the fault; algorithms and hardware for fast fault-detection will permit a quicker decision about the presence of a fault that needs clearing.

One suggestion for the direction that the student could take in this project is to assess the value --- at different levels of the system and different penetrations of distributed generation and storage --- of reducing clearing times from the common times of now to the times that are potentially realisable using fast switching and/or fast fault-detection. Another possible direction is to look at the algorithms and consider what possible problems these could encounter in a wide variety of possible network-configurations and faults.


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